• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Mortar made with cement binder of magnesium phosphate and with components coming from industrial uses that include rigid polyurethane foam or black slag, which is apt to serve as a substrate to plant species, especially bryophytes, plant colonization that is stimulated by application, to the mortar layer, from a nutritious solution of vegetable shoots, especially buds of bryophytes. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2683949A1
    申请号:ES201730424
    申请日:2017-03-28
    公开日:2018-09-28
    发明作者:Daniel GARABITO LÓPEZ；Roberto VALLEJO DIEZ
    申请人:Universidad de Burgos；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Mortar with magnesium phosphate cement binder and components from industrial uses
    Object of the invention
    The object of the present invention is a mortar whose binder is a magnesium phosphate cement, whose ingredients include by-products and residues from industrial uses. The mortar also comprises a layer of plant organisms that it supports.
    Background of the invention
    Mortar is a building material normally composed of binder, aggregates and kneading water in certain proportions.
    The most commonly used binder is Portland cement, which, when the mortar is used as a facade coating, should the resulting layer serve as a bio-receptive support, has the disadvantage that its pH is very high, which would inhibit life vegetable. For the solution of this problem, the mortar object of this patent uses magnesium phosphate cement as a binder, commonly called MPC cement (Magnesium-Phosphate Cement), with a lower Ph, suitable for the purpose. Hereinafter, the mention of "MPC mortar" should be understood as "mortar that uses magnesium phosphate cement as a binder".
    The aggregates commonly used in mortars are of mineral origin (for example, sand, gravel, gravel and ballast). However, the concern for sustainable development has led to the use as aggregates of materials from by-products or waste that, instead of being discarded, with the consequent environmental pollution, are reinserted into industrial production, contributing to the circular economy as part of sustainable development.
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    In the state of the art the use as mortar aggregates of, among other materials, recycled plastic is known. The MPC mortar object of this patent has among its known material components, from industrial processes, whose use in this type of mortars is novel and provides significant advantages.
    Linked to the concern for sustainable development through the use of recycled materials in industrial processes, there is a need to improve the environment in urban agglomerations. One of the advances in this field has been to cover the building's facades with vegetation, which protects from solar radiation, provides thermal and acoustic insulation, reduces the heat island effect, improves air quality and increases biodiversity urban, in addition to the positive effect on the appearance of the building and the well-being of its inhabitants.
    The so-called "vertical gardens" on building facades are known in this field, which require various types of structures, usually complex, that are fixed to the walls to support the plants. These vertical gardens are expensive of building and maintaining, so that research efforts are being directed towards bio-receptive building materials, meaning those that can be colonized by plant species, so, for example, a facade in whose construction such materials have been used It would serve as a plant support, so it would not be necessary to install vegetation support structures in it.
    Patent document ES 2443886 B1 (UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA), February 20, 2014 (02/20/2014), describes a cement-based multilayer assembly, applicable as a biological support for building facades, comprising a structural layer of concrete , an anchoring layer, a biological layer of cement-based material and a coating and waterproofing layer. In one embodiment, the base material of the biological layer may be MPC mortar. Mortar aggregates are minerals, either siliceous or expanded clays (page 4, lines 20-25). The waterproofing layer does not completely cover the biological layer, but leaves openings in which the biological layer is in contact with the atmosphere, these being the only areas of the biological layer where vegetation can grow (page 3, lines 48- 53).
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    The invention proposed here refers to an MPC mortar in which, unlike the biological layer described in the aforementioned prior art document, mineral aggregates are not used, but certain industrial wastes or by-products. The mortar of the invention, once extended in the form of a layer, can be colonized by plant species. This colonization can take place throughout its surface, since no other partial coating layer is superimposed on the mortar layer. In addition, to actively favor colonization, a specific biological preparation is planned.
    Description of the invention
    The object of this invention is a mortar. The mortar is made with aggregates from industrial uses. This mortar, due to its physical characteristics, is suitable for serving as a substrate for plant species, and the mortar is also provided to comprise a layer of plant shoots, preferably bryophytes, whose growth is favored by applying a nutrient solution based on plants.
    Due to its bio-receptive ability, the mortar is intended to be applied preferably to structures, completely or partially covering them, giving rise to a layer that is part of the structure. The structures can be of any type, such as buildings in general, for example, housing, offices, hospitals and schools, engineering infrastructure, such as bridge pillars or others. The coating can take place in any part of the structure, for example, on the exterior or interior facade of the building or on floors. By "mortar layer" should be understood both one or several prefabricated plates intended to be fixed at a later time to the structure, as a layer from the direct application of mortar to the body of a structure, as in general, the mortar paste a Once extended on some support.
    The mortar of this invention uses as a binder a cement belonging to the family of chemical phosphate cements (known by the acronym CBPC, from the English Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics), in particular a magnesium phosphate cement or MPC cement. As a source of magnesium oxide for MPC cement, an industrial by-product, specifically low grade magnesium oxide powder, is used, which contributes to the lowering of the product, compared to other sources such as calcined magnesite to death (synthesized), which it must be obtained at high oven temperatures and therefore at the cost of high energy consumption.
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    A novelty of the invention resides in that the mortar is made with components from industrial uses, in particular, the said magnesium oxide powder, which also functions as an aggregate, plus another aggregate, which can consist of recycled rigid polyurethane foams or in black slags. Rigid polyurethane foams are an abundant byproduct of the automobile industry, where it is used to manufacture, among others, panels. Black slags are a residue that comes mainly from the operation of electric steel furnaces.
    The use of the aforementioned aggregates, in addition to contributing to the implementation of a circular economy, since not giving them an exit of this type would end up in the landfills, lowers the cost of the mortar and has other advantages such as that the exothermic reaction that occurs It can be controlled by the thermal mass provided by the added components. Specifically:
    - The magnesium oxide powder allows to completely dispense with mineral aggregates, while, if not used, the mortar aggregate should contain some percentage of mineral.
    - The rigid recycled polyurethane foam makes the resulting mortar have a greater thermal insulation capacity and is lighter.
    - Black slags improve the mechanical characteristics of the mortar.
    The layers of the mortar of the invention, having as a binder a low pH cement, are themselves suitable for random colonization by plant species, mainly cryptographic plants, such as algae, lichens, mosses, in the same way that these species colonize the tree barks. Therefore, the mortar layer of the invention further comprises a plant layer, preferably of bryophytes.
    In another novel aspect of the invention, to actively promote bio-colonization, a method is proposed to apply a plant nutrient solution to the surface of the mortar layer. This nutrient solution will eventually facilitate the formation of the aforementioned layer of bryophytes on the mortar layer, as a tapestry that will act as a primary colonizer that can in turn be colonized by other plant species, not just cryptograms.
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    Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
    The mortar object of this invention is made with an MPC cement binder. This type of cement is made by mixing a source of magnesium and an acidic source of phosphate. Specifically, of the various combinations of sources known to those skilled in the art, the invention employs respectively MgO magnesium oxide and NH4 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4).
    In the industrial production of magnesium oxide, a powder of fine particles of low grade magnesium oxide (approximately 65%) is generated as a byproduct. This by-product is recovered in the sleeve filters in the form of cyclone powder, which is why it is commonly referred to as "cyclone powder." The present invention uses said by-product as a source of magnesium oxide of the MPC cement which serves as a binder to the mortar Said cyclone powder contains approximately 35% of inert fillers, so, in addition to being a source of MgO, cyclone powders act as mortar aggregate.
    MPC mortars may or may not contain aggregates among their ingredients. When worn, these are commonly mineral type. The PMC mortar object of the patent contains aggregates, but they are not minerals, but consist of materials from industrial jobs. The mineral aggregate can be completely dispensed with because the said cyclone powder also acts as an aggregate.
    In a preferred embodiment, the mortar has a rigid polyurethane foam component. In one embodiment, the polyurethane is destroyed in particles of a maximum size of 4mm, with an apparent density around 26 ± 2 kg / m3.
    In another preferred embodiment, the mortar uses cyclone powder plus black slag from an electric furnace as aggregates.
    The mortar composition includes, as a retarding additive, high purity Borax (Na2B4O7-1QH2O), which allows to control the exotherm of the reaction and obtain times
    Reasonable to work in mortar making. Finally, the mortar comprises running water.
    In the preferred embodiment with polyurethane foam (PU), the dosage of the MPC mortar is as follows:
     NH4 (H2PO4)  x
     Cyclone Powders (PC)  x
     Borax  2% -12%
     NH4 Ratio (H2PO4): PC  1: 1.5 to 1: 2.25
     Arid, PU (% weight)  0.25 to 1.5
     w / c ratio  0.20 to 0.40
    In the preferred embodiment with black slags of electric furnace, the dosage of the MPC mortar is as follows:
     NH4 (H2PO4)  x
     Cyclone Powders (PC)  x
     Borax  2% -12%
     NH4 Ratio (H2PO4): PC  1: 1.5 to 1: 2.25
     Slag / MPC ratio  0.50: 1 to 1.25: 1
     w / c ratio  0.20 to 0.40
    In both of the preferred embodiments described, to make the mortar, the solid components must be mixed by manual homogenization of the components of the magnesium phosphate cement binder and the aggregates in question. Subsequently the kneading water is added. The use of metal utensils, for example, the shovel and bucket of a kneader, as well as metal molds, should be avoided in the process of kneading and molding the specimens. The mixture is kneaded using an adjustable speed drilling machine with a mixing rod that ensures turbulent flow.
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    In a preferred embodiment, the mortar paste thus obtained is applied directly on a structure to form a mortar layer, preferably with a minimum thickness of 7 mm. In another preferred embodiment, the paste is deposited in plate molds. In this exemplary embodiment, the mortar layer would consist of plates, preferably of the same minimum thickness indicated for the layer, intended to be fixed to a structure.
    For the bio-colonization of the mortar layer, a plant nutrient solution is applied. To prepare this solution, the technique known as "moss shakes" is used, which consists of beating shoots of bryophytes in a nutrient medium of acidic pH. In a preferred embodiment, green and adult shoots with low moisture content are selected , of the species of moss Hypnum Cupressiforme and Antitrichia Curtipendula, which are crushed in an acidic liquid medium composed of milk, beer, yogurt and sugar water, to form a paste.In a preferred embodiment the following dosage is used:
     Bryophyte Outbreaks  x gr
     Beer  4x ml
     Yogurt  x ml
     Sugar  x / 3 gr
     Water  4x ml
    The solution thus obtained is spread with a trowel on the outer face of the mortar layer. In the preferred embodiment in which the mortar paste is applied directly on the structure, the mortar would be allowed to dry and then the nutrient solution would be applied on the layer. In the embodiment in which the mortar layer consists of plates, the nutrient solution would be applied on the outer face of the plates before being fixed to the structure. In both modes, once the nutrient solution is applied, the direct incidence of sunlight should preferably be avoided and high humidity levels maintained. The growth of the bryophyte tapestry takes place over a period of 3 to 4 weeks.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
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    1. Mortar with magnesium phosphate cement binder and components from industrial uses characterized in that said components comprise rigid polyurethane foams or black slags.
    [2]
    2. Mortar according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises low grade magnesium oxide powders.
    [3]
    3. Mortar according to claim 1 characterized in that it consists of one or several plates intended to be fixed to a structure.
    [4]
    4. Mortar according to claim 1 characterized in that it consists of a layer applied to a structure and which has solidified on said structure.
    [5]
    5. Mortar according to claims 3 or 4 characterized in that it comprises a layer of shoots of plant species.
    [6]
    6. Mortar according to claim 5, characterized in that the plant shoots are substantially bryophytes.
    [7]
    7. Method for obtaining the mortar of claim 5, characterized in that it comprises applying a nutrient solution favoring plant colonization to the outer surface of the plaque or mortar layer.
    [8]
    8. The method of claim 7, wherein the nutrient solution comprises shoots of bryophytes.
    [9]
    9. The method of claim 8, comprising:
    - Select green and adult shoots of bryophytes and,
    - Crush the sprouts in an acidic liquid medium until the nutrient solution is obtained.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2683949B1|2019-05-16|
    引用文献:
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    ES201730424A|ES2683949B1|2017-03-28|2017-03-28|MORTAR WITH MAGNESIUM-PHOSPHATE CEMENT AGLOMERANT AND COMPONENTS ARISING FROM INDUSTRIAL USES|ES201730424A| ES2683949B1|2017-03-28|2017-03-28|MORTAR WITH MAGNESIUM-PHOSPHATE CEMENT AGLOMERANT AND COMPONENTS ARISING FROM INDUSTRIAL USES|
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